ABSTRACT The seed deterioration process during storage is inevitable, but it can be slowed down using packaging that reduces the influence of the external environment on stored corn seeds. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of corn seeds stored in different packages and subjected to storage conditions in the central region of Brazil. Thirty-seven corn genotypes were analyzed in three storage environments: multiwall paper, 10 °C temperature, and 40% relative air humidity; multiwall paper under uncontrolled conditions; and hermetic packaging under uncontrolled conditions. The results of germination, water content, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, soilless cold test, and field emergence test were used. Physiological quality assessments indicated that storage under conditions of 10 °C temperature and 40% relative air humidity is more efficient in preserving corn seeds' physiological quality than packaging in an uncontrolled environment.

ABSTRACT The seed sector faces several challenges when it comes to ensuring a quick and accurate decision making when working with large amounts of data on physiological quality of seed lots, which makes the process time-consuming and inefficient. Thus, artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a new technological option in the seed sector to solve database problems in the post-harvest stages. This study aims to use machine learning to classify maize seed lots. Data were obtained from eight maize seed crops from a private company. These data were mined using the following classifiers: J48 (DecisionTree), RandomForest, CVR (ClassificationViaRegression ) , lBk (lazy.IBK), MLP (MultiLayerPercepton), and NäiveBayes. Cross-validation was used for data measurement, with the data set, including training and testing data, being divided into 10 subsets. The described steps were performed using the Weka software. It is concluded that results obtained allow the classification of maize seed lots with high accuracy and precision, and these algorithms can better classify the maize seed lot through vigor attributes, thus enabling more accurate decision making based on vigor tests on a reduced evaluation time.

RESUMO A determinação da qualidade sanitária é importante para diagnosticar se os lotes comercializados se apresentam livres de patógenos e para tomada de decisão sobre a necessidade de tratamento de sementes. Objetivou-se avaliar a interferência dos fungos associados às sementes de lotes de coentro e o efeito do tratamento de sementes com o fungicida Metalaxil-m + Fludioxonil. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. No experimento I realizou-se a caracterização inicial de 18 lotes de sementes de coentro, por meio dos testes, teor de água, viabilidade e análise sanitária. No experimento II, avaliou-se o desempenho fisiológico de sementes de coentro com e sem tratamento com fungicida por meio do teste de primeira contagem e germinação. Lotes de sementes de coentro que apresentam alto potencial fisiológico podem não expressar seu máximo potencial no teste de germinação sem tratamento com fungicida, pelo efeito negativo causado pelos fungos associados às sementes, principalmente Alternaria dauci e também em associação com A. alternata. Houve melhoria na expressão do desempenho fisiológico de sementes de coentro quando tratadas com o fungicida Metalaxil-m + Fludioxonil.

ABSTRACT The determination of the sanitary quality is important to diagnose if the commercialized lots are free of pathogens and to make a decision about the need for seed treatment. The objective was to evaluate the interference of fungi associated with coriander seed lots in their physiological performance and the effect of seed treatment with the fungicide Metalaxyl-m + Fludioxonil. The study was carried out in two steps. In experiment I, the physiological potential and sanitary characterization of 18 coriander seed lots were evaluated, using the tests, water content, tetrazolium test and health test. In experiment II, we evaluated the physiological performance of coriander seeds with and without fungicide treatment using the first count and germination test. Coriander seed lots showed high physiological potential, however, not all lots expressed their maximum potential in the germination test without treatment, due to the negative effect of fungi associated with seeds, mainly A. dauci and in association with A. alternata. There was an improvement in the physiological performance of coriander seeds treated with Metalaxyl-m + Fludioxonil fungicide.

RESUMO Na busca em determinar a qualidade das sementes por meio de testes rápidos e eficazes, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de procedimentos de pré-umedecimento na determinação da viabilidade de sementes de coentro pelo teste de tetrazólio. Foram utilizados dez lotes de coentro. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 10x2 (10 lotes x umedecimento e embebição em água) com quatro repetições. As sementes de cada lote foram previamente avaliadas por meio do teor de água, da germinação com e sem tratamento químico com fungicida e da emergência de plântulas em areia. O pré-umedecimento das sementes foi realizado entre rolo de papel e por imersão em água, ambos por 16 horas a 20ºC. Apesar de ter havido diferença entre as formas de pré-umedecimento, as diferenças nos percentuais de eficiências entre formas de pré-umedecimentos não foram significativas. Assim, pondera-se que ambas as formas de pré-umedecimentos são adequadas. As sementes de coentro foram influenciadas pelo pré-umedecimento resultando em uma rápida avaliação de sua viabilidade através do teste de tetrazólio, podendo ser realizado o pré-umedecimento por imersão em água ou papel, mediante corte longitudinal.

ABSTRACT Searching to determine the quality of seeds using rapid and effective tests, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pre-wetting procedures on determining the viability of coriander seeds by the tetrazolium test. Ten seed batches of coriander were used. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 10x2 factorial scheme (10 batches x moistening and soaking in water) with four replications. Seeds of each batch were previously evaluated through water content, germination with and without fungicide treatment, and the emergence of seedlings in the sand. The seeds were pre-wetted in two ways: rolls of filter paper and directly in water for 16 hours at 20ºC temperature. Despite the numerical difference between the pre-wetting forms, these differences were not significant. Thus, we considered that both ways of pre-wetting are appropriate. Coriander seeds were influenced by pre-wetting, resulting in a quick availability evaluation through the tetrazolium test. Thus, pre-wetting can be carried out by water immersion or paper through longitudinal cutting.

RESUMO A adoção de técnicas e equipamentos laboratoriais rápidos e confiáveis para a escolha dos melhores lotes de sementes para comercialização influenciará a produção de soja com qualidade fisiológica superior, entre outras áreas do setor. Diante disto, objetivou-se avaliar as concentrações de CO2 produzido por sementes de soja embebidas em água e comprovar a eficácia de um novo equipamento que auxilie na seleção de lotes com diferentes níveis de vigor. Para avaliação da qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes, oito lotes de soja foram avaliados com os seguintes testes: teor de água, peso de mil sementes, primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, condutividade elétrica, emergência e respiração avaliadas pelo aparelho Pettenkoffer e com equipamento projetado para medir CO2 em sementes. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância com médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a p ≤ 0,05. Os métodos convencionais evidenciaram diferenças significativas do vigor e viabilidade em sementes de soja. O equipamento desenvolvido se mostrou eficiente na detecção de CO2 produzido pelas sementes embebidas em água durante 8 horas. As leituras de CO2 com o equipamento apresentaram resultados satisfatórios para predizer o vigor em sementes de soja por meio da respiração.

ABSTRACT The adoption of quick and reliable laboratory techniques and equipment to choose the best seed lots for marketing will influence the production of soybeans with superior physiological quality, among other areas in the sector. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the CO2 concentrations produced by water-soaked soybean seeds and to verify the effectiveness of new equipment to help choose lots with different vigor levels. To evaluate the physical and physiological quality of the seeds, eight soybean lots were evaluated with the following tests: water content, weight of thousand seeds, first germination count, germination, electrical conductivity, emergence, and respiration evaluated by the Pettenkoffer apparatus and with equipment designed to measure CO2 in seeds. The results were subjected to analysis of variance with means compared by Tukey’s test at p ≤ 0.05. Conventional methods showed significant differences in vigor and viability in soybean seeds. The equipment designed was efficient in detecting CO2 produced by seeds soaked in water for 8 hours. The CO2 readings with the equipment presented satisfactory results to predict the vigor in soybean seeds through respiration.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de coentro beneficiadas em mesa de gravidade. Estudaram-se duas regulagens, sendo I com ângulo X de 3,5° e Y de 3,1° e II 3,9° e 2,7°, e cinco descargas da mesa de gravidade (alta, intermediária alta, intermediária, intermediária baixa e baixa) além da alimentação, arranjados em esquema fatorial 2x6, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Foram utilizados dois lotes de sementes de coentro cultivar Verdão e a mesa de gravidade foi ajustada com velocidade do ar de 2,9 m s-1 na plataforma. As frações de sementes descarregadas na parte baixa da mesa de gravidade apresentaram desempenho fisiológico inferior à das demais. A regulagem I (ângulo X de 3,5° e Y de 3,1°) foi adequada para o beneficiamento das sementes de coentro do lote 1 e a regulagem II (ângulo X de 3,9° e Y de 2,7°), para o lote 2. O beneficiamento do lote 1 na regulagem II foi eficiente na separação de sementes com melhor qualidade sanitária, pela remoção de sementes contaminadas.

ABSTRACT This study aimed at assessing the quality of the physiology and health of the coriander seeds processed in a gravity table. This was investigated at two settings namely, I with angle X 3.5° and angle Y 3.1° and II with 3.9° and 2.7° angles, with five gravity table discharges (high, high intermediate, intermediate, low intermediate and low) besides feeding. The experiment adopted the 2x6 factorial scheme, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. Two coriander seed batches of cultivar Verdão were used. The gravity table was adjusted to have 2.9 m s-1 air speed on the platform. The seed fractions discharged in the lower portion of the gravity table revealed poorer physiological performance than that of the others. Regulation I (angle X 3.5° and Y 3.1°) was sufficient for the coriander seeds to be processed in batch 1 and regulation II (angle X 3.9° Y and 2.7°), was adequate for batch 2. The processing of batch 1 in regulation II was effective in separating seeds of higher sanitary quality by rejecting the contaminated ones.